{"id":1081,"date":"2026-03-30T08:05:34","date_gmt":"2026-03-30T08:05:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.geo-tester.com\/?post_type=standard&#038;p=1081"},"modified":"2026-04-08T05:59:08","modified_gmt":"2026-04-08T05:59:08","slug":"astm-d4595","status":"publish","type":"standard","link":"https:\/\/www.geo-tester.com\/vi\/standard\/astm-d4595\/","title":{"rendered":"ASTM D4595"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecba k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng gia c\u1ed1, l\u1ecdc, t\u00e1ch l\u1edbp, tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t x\u00f3i m\u00f2n. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 li\u1ec7u v\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecba k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng s\u1edbm hay kh\u00f4ng. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM D4595 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o c\u1ee7a v\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecba k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM D4595, t\u00ean ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 <em>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t k\u00e9o c\u1ee7a v\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecba k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn<\/em>, \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o, \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i, m\u00f4-\u0111un \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n g\u00e3y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1eabu th\u1eed c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed9ng. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho v\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecba k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt d\u1ec7t, v\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecba k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec7t, v\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp v\u00e0 v\u1ea3i d\u1ec7t kim \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecba k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM D4595 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM D4595 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ecbu k\u00e9o c\u1ee7a v\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecba k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1eabu th\u1eed c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m d\u1ea3i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1eabu th\u1eed c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng 200 mm v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u0111o l\u00e0 100 mm. K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu h\u1eb9p (necking) th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra khi c\u00e1c m\u1eabu v\u1ea3i h\u1eb9p b\u1ecb k\u00e9o gi\u00e3n d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i v\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecba k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt b\u1ecb co l\u1ea1i theo h\u01b0\u1edbng ngang khi ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i k\u00e9o, n\u00ean c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m k\u00e9o v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng h\u1eb9p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM D4595 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <strong>Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m k\u00e9o v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecba k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/strong>, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cao h\u01a1n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u1eabu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i khi \u0111\u1ee9t<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M\u00f4-\u0111un k\u00e9o ban \u0111\u1ea7u<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M\u00f4-\u0111un \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i l\u1ec7ch<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M\u00f4-\u0111un \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i secant<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V\u01b0\u1ee3t qua s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9ng r\u1eafn<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o theo chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecba k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1i <strong>Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m k\u00e9o v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecba k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/strong> s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y th\u1eed k\u00e9o v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i. M\u00e1y k\u1eb9p m\u1eabu th\u1eed d\u1ecdc theo to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu v\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u1ef1c cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi m\u1eabu b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng m\u1eabu: 200 mm<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u0111o: 100 mm<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m: t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng 10 \u00b1 3% m\u1ed7i ph\u00fat<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a h\u00e0m: l\u1edbn h\u01a1n chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu th\u1eed<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a h\u00e0m: 50 mm theo h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ea3i<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ghi l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong l\u1ef1c-\u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng cong n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1c k\u00e9o t\u1ed1i \u0111a, \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u00f4 \u0111un v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n va \u0111\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1eabu th\u1eed c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecba k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec7t, b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb co l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 khi ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM D4595 gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea5t gia c\u1ed1, \u0111\u00ea \u0111\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e1i d\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a v\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecba k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1i <strong>Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a v\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecba k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM D4595 v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ee9c t\u0103ng theo ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m v\u1ec1 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu th\u1eed trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m. C\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111o:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i t\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c t\u1ed1i \u0111a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i khi \u0111\u1ee9t<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh m\u00f4-\u0111un<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM D4595 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i chia cho chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u0111o ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>\u03b5<\/mi><mi>p<\/mi><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><mfrac><mrow><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">\u0394<\/mi><mi>L<\/mi><mo>\u00d7<\/mo><mn>100<\/mn><\/mrow><msub><mi>L<\/mi><mi>s<\/mi><\/msub><\/mfrac><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\varepsilon_p=\\frac{\\Delta L\\times100}{L_s}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>\u03b5p\u200b=Ls\u200b\u0394L\u00d7100\u200b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u03b5p = t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0394L = s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i m\u1eabu th\u1eed<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ls = chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i chu\u1ea9n ban \u0111\u1ea7u<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vi\u1ec7c \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c gi\u00fap c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u v\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecba k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u1ee9ng hay t\u00ednh d\u1ebbo. C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng, trong khi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i th\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 gia c\u1ed1 cao h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n g\u00e3y c\u1ee7a v\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecba k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1i <strong>Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n g\u00e3y c\u1ee7a v\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecba k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/strong> x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9t g\u00e3y. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM D4595 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ee9t l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ee9t m\u1eabu th\u1eed tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb di\u1ec7n t\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n g\u00e3y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh t\u1eeb di\u1ec7n t\u00edch d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong l\u1ef1c-\u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><semantics><mrow><mi>T<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><mfrac><mrow><mi>V<\/mi><mo>\u00d7<\/mo><mi>S<\/mi><\/mrow><mrow><msub><mi>W<\/mi><mi>s<\/mi><\/msub><mo>\u00d7<\/mo><msub><mi>L<\/mi><mi>s<\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mfrac><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">T=\\frac{V\\times S}{W_s\\times L_s}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>T = Ws \u00d7 Ls \u00d7 V \u00d7 S<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecba k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ee9t cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed9ng, l\u00fan ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n g\u00e3y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gia c\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n. Hai lo\u1ea1i v\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecba k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nhau, nh\u01b0ng lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n g\u00e3y cao h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM D4595<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM D4595:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1eabu<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u1eabu th\u1eed ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh n\u00ean tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n b\u1ecb g\u1ea5p n\u1ebfp, b\u1ecb d\u1eadp n\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t n\u0103m m\u1eabu th\u1eed theo c\u1ea3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1ecdc m\u00e1y v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng ngang m\u00e1y khi ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM D4595 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ea3 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbt. C\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m th\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u00f3a m\u1eabu th\u1eed kh\u00f4 trong \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 24 gi\u1edd tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m. C\u00e1c m\u1eabu th\u1eed \u01b0\u1edbt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e2m trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 21 \u00b1 2\u00b0C trong \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 2 ph\u00fat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt gi\u00fap \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ecbu k\u00e9o, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecba k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng x\u00f3i m\u00f2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn k\u1eb9p<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u1eb9p c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m. Vi\u1ec7c k\u1eb9p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn g\u00e3y h\u00e0m k\u1eb9p, tr\u01b0\u1ee3t ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng m\u1eabu th\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM D4595 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1eb9p \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>N\u1eafm ch\u1eb7t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba tr\u01b0\u1ee3t ng\u00e3<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0m n\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng m\u1eabu<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i v\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecba k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt d\u1ec7t ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u00e0m k\u1eb9p c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec7m, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1eb9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t k\u1eb9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM D4595<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM D4595 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng l\u1ef1c tr\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>\u03c3<\/mi><mi>f<\/mi><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><mfrac><msub><mi>F<\/mi><mi>f<\/mi><\/msub><msub><mi>W<\/mi><mi>s<\/mi><\/msub><\/mfrac><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\sigma_f=\\frac{F_f}{W_s}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>\u03c3f\u200b=Ws\u200bFf\u200b\u200b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u03c3f = \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ff = l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ee9t<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ws = chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng m\u1eabu th\u1eed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecba k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eabu v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">M\u00e1y th\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb cho ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM D4595<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u00e1y th\u1eed k\u00e9o c\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u1ef1c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM D4595.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u00e1y th\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o Cell Instruments TST-01 r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM D4595 v\u00ec thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1eeb 1 \u0111\u1ebfn 500 mm\/ph\u00fat<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n cao, \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u00b10,01 mm<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00edt bi ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cho chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u00eam \u00e1i<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0110i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n PLC v\u1edbi m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng HMI 7 inch<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i theo th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>T\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m cho c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m k\u00e9o, b\u00f3c t\u00e1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2m th\u1ee7ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i RS-232 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 m\u00e1y in si\u00eau nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 1 kN \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecba k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ea3 v\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecba k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt d\u1ec7t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec7t, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i k\u1eb9p v\u00e0 t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u1ea1i sao ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM D4595 l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM D4595 cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecba k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean d\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu h\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu th\u1eed v\u00e0 cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u k\u00e9o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean d\u1ea3i h\u1eb9p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u0169ng gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c tranh ch\u1ea5p gi\u1eefa nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng gia c\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1eafn, \u0111\u00ea, m\u00e1i d\u1ed1c, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 l\u1edbp l\u00f3t b\u00e3i ch\u00f4n l\u1ea5p, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM D4595 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecba k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;autoclose&quot;: false, &quot;accordionItems&quot;: [] }\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/accordion\" role=\"group\" class=\"wp-block-accordion is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-is-layout-flow\">\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-1&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-1-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" data-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.handleKeyDown\" id=\"accordion-item-1\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM D4595 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec?<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div inert aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-1\" data-wp-bind--inert=\"!state.isOpen\" id=\"accordion-item-1-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM D4595 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t k\u00e9o c\u1ee7a v\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecba k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o, \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i, m\u00f4-\u0111un \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n g\u00e3y.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-2&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-2-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" data-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.handleKeyDown\" id=\"accordion-item-2\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">T\u1ea1i sao ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM D4595 l\u1ea1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1eabu th\u1eed c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn?<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div inert aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-2\" data-wp-bind--inert=\"!state.isOpen\" id=\"accordion-item-2-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1eabu th\u1eed c\u00f3 b\u1ec1 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu h\u1eb9p v\u00e0 co r\u00fat trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1eed k\u00e9o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecba k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-3&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-3-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" data-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.handleKeyDown\" id=\"accordion-item-3\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM D4595 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o?<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div inert aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-3\" data-wp-bind--inert=\"!state.isOpen\" id=\"accordion-item-3-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM D4595 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecba k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt d\u1ec7t, v\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecba k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec7t, v\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecba k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt d\u1ec7t kim, v\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecba k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p gia c\u1ed1.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-4&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-4-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" data-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.handleKeyDown\" id=\"accordion-item-4\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">Chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu th\u1eed trong ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM D4595 l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau?<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div inert aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-4\" data-wp-bind--inert=\"!state.isOpen\" id=\"accordion-item-4-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu th\u1eed l\u00e0 200 mm, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i v\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecba k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt d\u1ec7t c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1eabu th\u1eed c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng 100 mm.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-5&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-5-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" data-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.handleKeyDown\" id=\"accordion-item-5\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM D4595 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecba k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u01b0\u1edbt kh\u00f4ng?<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div inert aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-5\" data-wp-bind--inert=\"!state.isOpen\" id=\"accordion-item-5-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00fang v\u1eady. <a href=\"https:\/\/store.astm.org\/d4595_d4595m-24.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">ASTM D4595<\/a> bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 m\u1eabu kh\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 qua x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 m\u1eabu \u01b0\u1edbt.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-6&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-6-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" data-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.handleKeyDown\" id=\"accordion-item-6\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">T\u1ea1i sao \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n khi g\u00e3y l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng trong ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM D4595?<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div inert aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-6\" data-wp-bind--inert=\"!state.isOpen\" id=\"accordion-item-6-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ee9t l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 v\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecba k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9t. Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM D4595 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t k\u00e9o c\u1ee7a v\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecba k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1eabu th\u1eed c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, gi\u00fap ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n h\u00e0nh vi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o, \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i, m\u00f4-\u0111un \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n g\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecba k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt d\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec7t, nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp v\u00e0 d\u1ec7t kim.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":true},"standard-category":[56],"class_list":["post-1081","standard","type-standard","status-publish","hentry","standard-category-astm"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.geo-tester.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/standard\/1081","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.geo-tester.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/standard"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.geo-tester.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/standard"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.geo-tester.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1081"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"standard-category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.geo-tester.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/standard-category?post=1081"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}