{"id":1101,"date":"2026-04-02T08:08:40","date_gmt":"2026-04-02T08:08:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.geo-tester.com\/?post_type=standard&#038;p=1101"},"modified":"2026-04-08T05:59:57","modified_gmt":"2026-04-08T05:59:57","slug":"astm-d5494","status":"publish","type":"standard","link":"https:\/\/www.geo-tester.com\/sk\/standard\/astm-d5494\/","title":{"rendered":"ASTM D5494"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Porozumenie <strong>ASTM D5494<\/strong> T\u00e1to norma je k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e1 pre pos\u00fadenie \u017eivotnosti a odolnosti proti prepichnutiu <strong>geomembr\u00e1ny<\/strong>, \u010di u\u017e nechr\u00e1nen\u00e9, alebo vystu\u017een\u00e9 netkan\u00fdmi geotext\u00edliami. T\u00e1to norma poskytuje spo\u013eahliv\u00fa met\u00f3du na pos\u00fadenie vlastnost\u00ed geomembr\u00e1n pri nam\u00e1han\u00ed prepichnut\u00edm, \u010d\u00edm sa zabezpe\u010duje, \u017ee materi\u00e1ly sp\u013a\u0148aj\u00fa po\u017eiadavky na kvalitu a bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 pre r\u00f4zne priemyseln\u00e9 aplik\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sk\u00fa\u0161ka odolnosti geomembr\u00e1n proti prepichnutiu met\u00f3dou \u201ePyramid\u201c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Str\u00e1nka <strong>sk\u00fa\u0161ka odolnosti proti prepichnutiu pyram\u00eddou<\/strong> je indexov\u00e1 sk\u00fa\u0161ka, ktor\u00e1 meria pevnos\u0165 geomembr\u00e1ny pri p\u00f4soben\u00ed oce\u013eov\u00e9ho vtla\u010dova\u010da v tvare pyram\u00eddy. Postupom sa stanovuje maxim\u00e1lne za\u0165a\u017eenie a pred\u013a\u017eenie pri poru\u0161en\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm sa z\u00edskavaj\u00fa \u0161tandardizovan\u00e9 hodnoty tak pre nechr\u00e1nen\u00e9 geomembr\u00e1ny, ako aj pre geomembr\u00e1ny s ochrann\u00fdmi vrstvami. Simul\u00e1ciou potenci\u00e1lnych scen\u00e1rov prepichnutia poskytuje t\u00e1to sk\u00fa\u0161ka d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 \u00fadaje pre v\u00fdber materi\u00e1lu a certifik\u00e1ciu v\u00fdrobkov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Zariadenie na sk\u00fa\u0161ku \u0165ahom a jej nastavenie<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vykonanie <strong>sk\u00fa\u0161ka prepichnutia geomembr\u00e1ny v tvare pyram\u00eddy<\/strong> vy\u017eaduje presn\u00e9 vybavenie, vr\u00e1tane lisovacieho stroja alebo stroja na sk\u00fa\u0161anie \u0165ahom, kr\u00fa\u017ekov\u00fdch svoriek, kalen\u00e9ho pyram\u00eddov\u00e9ho piestu a elektrick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu na detekciu za\u0165a\u017eenia. Vzorka sa umiestni medzi horn\u00fa a doln\u00fa svorku tak, aby nedo\u0161lo k predp\u00e4t\u00ed. Za\u0165a\u017eovac\u00ed piest p\u00f4sob\u00ed silou s kontrolovanou r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou a okamih prasknutia sa zaznamen\u00e1va pomocou elektrick\u00e9ho detek\u010dn\u00e9ho obvodu. Be\u017ene sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa dva z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Voda:<\/strong> Simuluje nepru\u017en\u00fa oporu a vedie elektrick\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly na detekciu prepichnutia.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Hlin\u00edkov\u00e1 doska:<\/strong> Sl\u00fa\u017ei ako pevn\u00e1 podlo\u017eka pre n\u00e1ro\u010dnej\u0161ie situ\u00e1cie, v ktor\u00fdch hroz\u00ed prepichnutie.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Postup sk\u00fa\u0161ky odolnosti geomembr\u00e1ny proti prepichnutiu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Norma ASTM D5494 stanovuje dve hlavn\u00e9 sk\u00fa\u0161obn\u00e9 met\u00f3dy v z\u00e1vislosti od pou\u017eit\u00e9ho m\u00e9dia:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Met\u00f3da s vodn\u00fdm m\u00e9diom:<\/strong> Vzorky s\u00fa pevne upnut\u00e9 a testuj\u00fa sa r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou 50 mm\/min, a\u017e k\u00fdm ned\u00f4jde k prepichnutiu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Met\u00f3da s hlin\u00edkovou doskou:<\/strong> Vzorky le\u017eia na rovnej ploche bez upnutia, pri\u010dom r\u00fdchlos\u0165 sk\u00fa\u0161ky pri hodnoten\u00ed prierazu je ni\u017e\u0161ia, a to 10 mm\/min.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Na stanovenie priemernej odolnosti proti prepichnutiu sa odpor\u00fa\u010da vykona\u0165 aspo\u0148 desa\u0165 opakovan\u00fdch meran\u00ed na ka\u017ed\u00fd typ m\u00e9dia. S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 meranie pred\u013a\u017eenia pri pretrhnut\u00ed poskytuje \u010fal\u0161ie inform\u00e1cie o vlastnostiach materi\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdznam sk\u00fa\u0161ky prepichnutia geomembr\u00e1ny v tvare pyram\u00eddy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Str\u00e1nka <strong>sk\u00fa\u0161ka odolnosti geomembr\u00e1ny proti prepichnutiu<\/strong> sl\u00fa\u017ei ako referen\u010dn\u00fd \u0161tandard pre zabezpe\u010denie kvality materi\u00e1lu. Odvetvia, v ktor\u00fdch sa geomembr\u00e1ny pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa \u2013 vr\u00e1tane odpadov\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1rstva, zadr\u017eiavania vody, ban\u00edctva a stavebn\u00edctva \u2013 sa spoliehaj\u00fa na tieto \u0161tandardizovan\u00e9 merania s cie\u013eom zabezpe\u010di\u0165 dlhodob\u00fa \u017eivotnos\u0165. Pou\u017eitie ochrann\u00fdch netkan\u00fdch geotext\u00edli\u00ed m\u00f4\u017ee v\u00fdrazne zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 odolnos\u0165 proti prepichnutiu a t\u00e1to sk\u00fa\u0161ka kvantifikuje toto zlep\u0161enie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00e9 vybavenie<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Na \u00fa\u010dely presn\u00e9ho a efekt\u00edvneho testovania je potrebn\u00e9, aby <strong>Cell Instruments TST-01 Tester \u0165ahu<\/strong> je ide\u00e1lny. Jeho syst\u00e9m riaden\u00fd PLC, nastavite\u013en\u00e1 r\u00fdchlos\u0165 (1\u2013500 mm\/min), kompatibilita s viacer\u00fdmi up\u00ednac\u00edmi pr\u00edpravkami a zobrazenie krivky v re\u00e1lnom \u010dase zabezpe\u010duj\u00fa vysok\u00fa presnos\u0165 pri sk\u00fa\u0161kach prepichovania pyram\u00eddou. Volite\u013en\u00fd v\u00fdstup \u00fadajov prostredn\u00edctvom mikrotla\u010diarne alebo rozhrania RS-232 umo\u017e\u0148uje plynul\u00fa integr\u00e1ciu do syst\u00e9mov riadenia kvality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 h\u013eadisk\u00e1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Uistite sa, \u017ee testovan\u00e1 vzorka neobsahuje \u017eiadne z\u00e1hyby ani predch\u00e1dzaj\u00face deform\u00e1cie.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Udr\u017eujte kon\u0161tantn\u00fa r\u00fdchlos\u0165 testovania v s\u00falade s <a href=\"https:\/\/store.astm.org\/d5494-93r23.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">ASTM D5494<\/a> \u0161pecifik\u00e1cie.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Testovanie zopakujte, aby sa zoh\u013eadnila variabilita jednotliv\u00fdch \u0161ar\u017e\u00ed materi\u00e1lu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Na \u00fa\u010dely komplexn\u00e9ho pos\u00fadenia vlastnost\u00ed zaznamenajte ako za\u0165a\u017eenie pri prepichnut\u00ed, tak aj pred\u013a\u017eenie pri pretrhnut\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u010casto kladen\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;autoclose&quot;: false, &quot;accordionItems&quot;: [] }\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/accordion\" role=\"group\" class=\"wp-block-accordion is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-is-layout-flow\">\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-1&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-1-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" data-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.handleKeyDown\" id=\"accordion-item-1\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">Ak\u00fd je \u00fa\u010del sk\u00fa\u0161ky pod\u013ea normy ASTM D5494?<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div inert aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-1\" data-wp-bind--inert=\"!state.isOpen\" id=\"accordion-item-1-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Poskytuje \u0161tandardizovan\u00fa met\u00f3du merania odolnosti geomembr\u00e1n proti prepichnutiu pyram\u00eddou, \u010do sl\u00fa\u017ei ako vod\u00edtko pri zabezpe\u010dovan\u00ed kvality a v\u00fdbere materi\u00e1lov.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-2&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-2-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" data-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.handleKeyDown\" id=\"accordion-item-2\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">Je mo\u017en\u00e9 normu ASTM D5494 pou\u017ei\u0165 pre geomembr\u00e1ny s ochrann\u00fdmi vrstvami?<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div inert aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-2\" data-wp-bind--inert=\"!state.isOpen\" id=\"accordion-item-2-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c1no, t\u00e1to sk\u00fa\u0161ka kvantifikuje zv\u00fd\u0161enie odolnosti proti prepichnutiu pri pou\u017eit\u00ed netkan\u00fdch geotext\u00edli\u00ed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-3&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-3-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" data-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.handleKeyDown\" id=\"accordion-item-3\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">Ak\u00e9 druhy podkladov\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00ed sa v teste pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa?<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div inert aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-3\" data-wp-bind--inert=\"!state.isOpen\" id=\"accordion-item-3-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Voda pre simul\u00e1ciu nepru\u017en\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov a hlin\u00edk pre tuh\u00e9 podlo\u017eky.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-4&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-4-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" data-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.handleKeyDown\" id=\"accordion-item-4\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">Ko\u013eko vzoriek by sa malo otestova\u0165, aby bola zaru\u010den\u00e1 spo\u013eahlivos\u0165?<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div inert aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-4\" data-wp-bind--inert=\"!state.isOpen\" id=\"accordion-item-4-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Najmenej desa\u0165 vzoriek na ka\u017ed\u00fd podkladov\u00fd materi\u00e1l.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-5&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-5-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" data-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.handleKeyDown\" id=\"accordion-item-5\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">Ktor\u00e9 odvetvia maj\u00fa najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed prospech z testovania pod\u013ea normy ASTM D5494?<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div inert aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-5\" data-wp-bind--inert=\"!state.isOpen\" id=\"accordion-item-5-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Stavebn\u00edctvo, odpadov\u00e9 hospod\u00e1rstvo, ban\u00edctvo, zadr\u017eiavanie vody a \u010fal\u0161ie odvetvia, v ktor\u00fdch sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa geomembr\u00e1ny.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Norma ASTM D5494 definuje \u0161tandardizovan\u00fa met\u00f3du na stanovenie odolnosti nechr\u00e1nen\u00fdch a chr\u00e1nen\u00fdch geomembr\u00e1n proti prepichnutiu pyram\u00eddou. Hodnot\u00ed maxim\u00e1lne za\u0165a\u017eenie a pred\u013a\u017eenie pri pretrhnut\u00ed pomocou piestu v tvare pyram\u00eddy na vodnom alebo hlin\u00edkovom podklade.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":true},"standard-category":[56],"class_list":["post-1101","standard","type-standard","status-publish","hentry","standard-category-astm"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.geo-tester.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/standard\/1101","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.geo-tester.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/standard"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.geo-tester.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/standard"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.geo-tester.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1101"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"standard-category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.geo-tester.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/standard-category?post=1101"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}